3/2/2024 0 Comments Na element solid![]() Lasers emitting lights at the sodium D line are used to make artificial laser guide stars which are used in visible-light telescopes.In organic reactions, sodium is used for the Birch reaction.Sodium plasma (vapor) lamps are often used for street lighting in cities.Sodium hydride is used in various reactions in organic chemistry and is used as a reducing agent in inorganic chemistry. It is important in the making of organic compounds and in making esters. ![]() Sodium is used in improving the structure of certain alloys, soaps, purification of molten metals and vapour lamps.Sodium chloride is majorly used for anti-icing and de-icing and as a preservative.The compounds like sodium chloride, hydroxide, and carbonates are produced in millions of tons every year. The use of metallic sodium is quite limited the major uses of the sodium use compound. Another process that can be employed is the Castner process in which electrolysis of sodium hydroxide is done. In modern days, sodium is commercially produced from molten sodium chloride by the process of electrolysis. at the first step of aluminium production. The reaction was a carbothermal reaction of sodium carbonate at 1100°c. The commercial production of metallic sodium started in the 19th century. Sodium is a minor component with caesium and potassium of the ternary alloy NaKCs, whose melting temperature is −78 ☌. The eutectics are produced in the sodium-caesium and the sodium-rubidium binary systems melt, at −30 ☌ and −4.5 ☌, respectively. It can be used as a heat-transfer fluid as well as an organic reactant. A eutectic melting at a temperature of −10 ☌ takes place in the sodium-potassium system and is commercially known as NaK. Sodium is miscible with other alkali metals such as rubidium, caesium and potassium. Tellurium and Selenium vigorously react with sodium (solid) to produce tellurides and selenides respectively. It reacts with molten sulfur to form polysulfides. In reaction with sulfuric and acetic acid sodium produces sodium sulfate and sodium acetate. ![]() In a reaction with nitric acid fumes at 15°c, sodium produces sodium nitrate. Sodium also reacts with strong metal acids to produce corresponding salts. ![]() Halogen acids like hydrochloric acid react fiercely with sodium to form sodium halides. Under certain conditions, halogens and sodium vapours react to exhibit chemiluminescence. The degree of reactivity increases or decreases with the atomic weight of the halogen. Usually, alkali metals are involved in reactions with halogens. Sodium burns softly in a dry setting emitting a cloud of white smoke. Sodium is more reactive in the air as a liquid than solid. This is the reason why sodium is kept in nitrogen or some other inert gases or oils. Sodium also reacts with water vapour or moisture to form a sodium hydroxide layer which in turn absorb carbon dioxide to form sodium bicarbonate, and does not react with nitrogen. Its reaction with oxygen can be accelerated by the presence of impurities in it. It reacts with oxygen to form sodium oxide which is relatively less reactive. Sodium is normally a highly reactive metal. A huge temperature above 600 megakelvin and a star of at least three solar masses are required to start the process. 23Na is created by a process called the ‘carbon burning process’ in the stars where two carbon atoms are fused.
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